ロゴ:一般社団法人 日本商事仲裁協会 JCAA

Arbitration

Statistics

JCAA continues to offer an efficient and neutral forum for resolving cross-border and domestic commercial disputes. The data from 2020 to 2024 highlights recent trends in arbitration administered by the JCAA, offering insight into current practices and user preferences.

Caseloads

From 2020 to 2024, the JCAA received 80 arbitration cases. Of these, 71cases (88%) were international, involving either non-Japanese companies or foreign subsidiaries registered in Japan.

Year Number of Cases
2020 18
2021 15
2022 19
2023 9
2024 19

Expedited arbitration

23 cases were conducted under the Expedited Arbitration Procedures under the 2021 JCAA Rules.

Emergency arbitration

From 2019, the JCAA received 5 applications for Emergency Arbitration, 4 of which were international cases.

Nationality of Parties

From 2020 to 2024, parties to JCAA arbitrations came from 25 countries and regions. The most frequent foreign jurisdictions included China, Vietnam, USA, South Korea, Taiwan and United Arab Emirates.

Graph: Top Five Nationalities of Non-Japanese Parties to JCAA International Arbitration

Graph: Top Five Nationalities of Non-Japanese Parties to JCAA International Arbitration
Claimant Respondent Total
Americas
1 British Virgin Island 1 1 2
2 Chlie 0 2 2
3 United States 3 4 7
Asia & Pacific
4 China* 8 17 25
5 India 2 0 2
6 Indonesia 0 1 1
7 Israel 0 1 1
8 Japan 53 43 96
9 Lebanon 1 1 2
10 Malaysia 1 1 2
11 Philippines 0 2 2
12 Saudi Arabia 1 1 2
13 Singapore 2 0 2
14 South Korea 2 4 6
15 Taiwan 0 4 4
16 Thailand 1 1 2
17 United Arab Emirates 2 2 4
18 Vietnam 1 7 8
Europe
19 Cyprus 1 0 1
20 France 0 1 1
21 Italy 2 1 3
22 Luxembourg 0 1 1
23 Netherlands 1 0 1
24 Swizerland 1 0 1
25 United Kingdom 0 2 2

*15(Claimant: 3、Respondent: 12) in Mainland China、10(Claimant: 5、Respondent: 5) in Hong Kong

Language

From 2020 to 2024, English was used in 58% of international cases. Chinese were also used in some cases.

Japanese are frequently chosen when both parties were from China and Japan.

Graph: Languages in International Cases

Nationality of Arbitrators

78 arbitrators were appointed in international cases between 2020 and 2024. 41% of these arbitrators were non-Japanese nationals.

Graph: Arbitrators Appointed in International Cases

For English language arbitrations, the proportion of non-Japanese arbitrators rose to 64%.

Graph: Nationality of arbitrators appointed in English-language arbitration

Non-Japanese arbitrators came from 15 countries, which shows a well-balanced mix of common law and civil law backgrounds.

Graph: Non-Japanese Arbitrators Appointed in International Cases

Nationality of Emergency Arbitrator

As of the end of 2024, JCAA appointed 4 emergency arbitrators in international cases, all of whom were neutral nationals from Australia, United Kingdom and Taiwan.

Duration of Proceedings

JCAA arbitration is known for its procedural efficiency and time-conscious case management.

- Nearly 70% of expedited arbitration cases were concluded within the 3- or 6-month time limit set by the 2021 JCAA Rules.

- In emergency arbitration, all emergency arbitrator’s decisions were rendered within the 2-week time limit set by the JCAA Rules.

For the cases concluded from 2020 to 2024, the average duration from the constitution of the arbitral tribunal to the final award was 9.9 months, including the time required for the JCAA’s scrutiny of draft awards.

Graph: Average duration of arbitral proceedings

For the cases concluded from 2020 to 2024,

  • 35% of cases were concluded by withdrawal, including due to settlement before tribunal constitution.
  • 11% resulted in consent awards, reflecting the terms of the parties’ settlement agreements.
Graph: Duration

Amount of Claims

JCAA arbitration accommodates disputes of all sizes.

Out of the arbitration cases concluded between 2020 and 2024

  • 57% cases involved amounts under USD 2 million (JPY 300 million)
  • 23% were below less than USD 300,000 (JPY 50 million).
  • The smallest dispute was about USD35,000 (JPY 5 million).
  • The largest reached about USD 5.3 billion (JPY 800 billion).

*At a currency exchange rate of JPY 150 per USD 1

Graph: Amounts in Dispute

Industry Sectors

The JCAA administers a diverse range of sectors.

From 2020 to 2024, cases involving Manufacturing/ Industrial goods and Fashion, Food & Consumer products accounted for nearly half of the caseload.

Graph: Sectors

Using Online technology

The JCAA actively supports online dispute resolution. In 2024, over 85% of hearings and conferences were conducted fully online or in hybrid format.

Graph: Using Online technology

Recognition and Enforcement of JCAA arbitral awards

To the best of the JCAA’s knowledge, between 2020 and 2024, prevailing parties sought enforcement of JCAA arbitral awards in the courts of China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan. In all instances, the applications were granted.